Green Chemistry: Principles and Industrial Implementation

Course Outline

1. Introduction

How green are you?
Overview of course

2. Why Green Chemistry?

Toxicity of chemicals
Accidents with chemicals
Waste and minimisation
Sustainability (including social, political and economic factors)
The green political movement
The role and responsibilities of chemists

3. What is Green Chemistry?

Definitions
Industrial chemistry today
Overview of “The Twelve Principles of Green Chemistry” (Anastas/Warner)
Overview of “Twelve More Green Chemistry Principles” (Winterton)

4. Principles of Green Chemistry

1. Waste Minimisation / Prevention

   Establishing a full mass balance
   Waste treatment/recycle

2. Synthetic Efficiency

   Green Chemistry Metrics

   Individual Reactions Analysis:

   Atom Economy, E-factor, & Reaction Mass Efficiency (RME)
   Radial Pentagon “Material Footprint”
   Criteria for Recycling & Reclaiming Materials
   Minimum Atom Economy & Maximum E-factor Analysis
   Probability Analysis for Achieving RME Target Thresholds
   Survey of Organic Reaction Classes

   Synthesis Plans Analysis:

   Synthesis Tree Algorithms for Linear and Convergent Plans
   Raw Material Cost Estimate
   Material Efficiency & Synthetic Elegance Ranking Parameters
   Optimisation & Good Synthesis Strategies
   Illustrated & Detailed Survey of Example Plans for Pharmaceuticals
   Trade off with economics

3. Less Hazardous Materials in Synthesis
4. Designing Safer Products
5. Safer Solvents and Auxiliaries

   Critical review of organic solvents typically used (esp, Schering paper)
   Critical review of:

ionic liquids
scCO2
water
fluorous phase chemistry
solvent-free / solid phase chemistry

Examples of green reagents

6. Energy Efficiency

   Quantifying and minimising use of utilities and other inputs
   Photochemistry
   Microwave chemistry
   Sonochemistry
   Electrosynthesis
   Energy Sources

7. Renewable Feedstocks

   Sustainability measures
   Biomass vs Fossils

8. Minimal Derivatisation
9. Catalysis

   Focus on recovery, recycle, reuse

   Heterogeneous

   Solid acids
   Templated silica
   Polymer-supported reagents

   Homogeneous
   Phase transfer
   Biocatalysis
   Photocatalysis

10. Design for Degradation
    Rules for degradation
11. In Process Controls
    Realtime analysis
    Process analytical technology (PAT)
12. Hazard Minimisation
    Process safety and thermal hazards
    Appreciation of chemical engineering concepts
    Process intensification

5. Conclusion

Course summary
Outlook for the future

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